h2 This Ancient Society Helped Build the Modern World
Introduction:
The ancient civilization of Sumer, located between the Euphrates and Tigris Rivers, is often referred to as the cradle of civilization. This remarkable society thrived thousands of years ago and laid the foundation for many aspects of modern life. From innovative inventions to the development of writing, Sumer’s contributions have had a lasting impact on human history. In this article, we will explore some key aspects of Sumerian society and its influence on the modern world.
Key Points:
1. Invention of Writing:
– The Sumerians developed one of the earliest writing systems known as cuneiform.
– This written language allowed for the recording of various information, including legal, administrative, and mythological texts.
– Cuneiform writing played a crucial role in the administration of Sumerian cities and formed the basis for writing systems that followed.
2. Advancements in Science and Mathematics:
– Sumerians made significant contributions to various fields of science and mathematics.
– They devised a calendar based on the lunar cycle, which later influenced the development of other calendars.
– Sumerians also established a numerical system based on the base 60, which heavily influenced our current system of time measurement (60 seconds, 60 minutes).
– Their contributions to mathematics include the concept of a circle’s circumference and the division of the day into 24 hours.
3. Architectural Achievements:
– Sumerians were pioneers in the field of architecture and engineering.
– They built elaborate city-states with massive constructions, including temples, ziggurats, and irrigation systems.
– The ziggurats, towering pyramidal structures, served as religious centers and symbolized the connection between heaven and earth.
– Sumerians’ advanced knowledge of irrigation systems enabled them to transform arid lands into flourishing agricultural regions, ensuring the prosperity of their cities.
4. Trade and Commerce:
– Sumerians developed trade networks that spanned vast distances.
– They were renowned for their craftsmanship and produced goods such as textiles, pottery, and metalwork.
– By establishing trade routes and engaging in commerce, Sumerians stimulated economic growth and paved the way for future civilizations to expand their economies through trade.
5. Legal and Administrative Systems:
– Sumerians had well-organized legal and administrative systems.
– They developed a sophisticated legal code known as the Code of Hammurabi, which established laws and punishments.
– This code provided the foundation for future legal systems and emphasized the principle of “an eye for an eye.”
– Sumerian administrative practices, such as record-keeping and standardized weights and measures, laid the groundwork for efficient governance.
Closing Paragraph:
The ancient society of Sumer played a pivotal role in shaping the modern world. From their invention of writing and advancements in science and mathematics to architectural achievements and trade networks, the Sumerians laid the groundwork for many aspects of civilization that we take for granted today. By studying their innovative practices and technological advancements, we gain a greater appreciation for the contributions of this ancient society. Sumer truly stands as a testament to the transformative power of human innovation and serves as a reminder of the rich tapestry of civilizations that have shaped our world.
Main takeaway:
The ancient Sumerian civilization, located between the Euphrates and Tigris Rivers, made significant contributions to various aspects of modern life. Their invention of writing, advancements in science and mathematics, architectural achievements, and well-organized legal and administrative systems have had a lasting impact on human history. Exploring the achievements of this ancient society allows us to better understand the foundations upon which our modern world is built.
